Seed Starting Date Calculator

Get personalized seed starting dates based on your last frost date. Know exactly when to start indoors, transplant, and direct sow.

Default: April 15. Find your frost date →

Last Frost
Crop Type Start Indoors Transplant / Sow Weeks

How It Works

This calculator works backwards from your last spring frost date to determine the ideal dates for starting seeds indoors and planting outdoors. Different crops need different lead times — some need 10-12 weeks of indoor growth, while others prefer to be sown directly in the garden.

Start Indoors = Last Frost Date − (weeks_before × 7 days) Transplant = Last Frost Date + (weeks_after × 7 days) Direct Sow = Last Frost Date + (weeks_after × 7 days) Cold-hardy crops: weeks_after can be negative (plant BEFORE last frost date)

Indoor vs. Direct Sow

Start indoors: Crops with long growing seasons (tomatoes, peppers, onions) or those that need warmth to germinate. Give them a head start under grow lights 6-12 weeks before your last frost.

Direct sow: Crops that hate transplanting (carrots, radishes, beans, corn) or grow quickly enough that indoor starting isn't needed. Root crops in particular should always be direct sown.

Hardening Off

Before transplanting indoor seedlings outdoors, harden them off over 7-10 days: gradually increase outdoor exposure from 1 hour to full days. This prevents transplant shock and sunburn.